English Language
Directions—(Q. 1–8) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
A new analysis has determined that the threat of global warming can still be greatly diminished if nations cut emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases by 70% this century. The analysis was done by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). While global temperatures would rise, the most dangerous potential aspects of climate change, including massive losses of Arctic sea ice and permafrost and significant sea-level rise, could be partially avoided.
“This research indicates that we can no longer avoid significant warming during this century,” said NCAR scientist Warren Washington, the study paper’s lead author. “But, if the world were to implement this level of emission cuts, we could stabilize the threat of climate change”, he added.
Average global temperatures have warmed by close to 1 degree Celsius since the pre-industrial era. Much of the warming is due to human-produced emissions of greenhouse gases, predominantly carbon dioxide. This heat-trapping gas has increased from a preindustrial level of about 284 parts per million (ppm) in the atmosphere to more than 380 ppm today. With research showing that additional warming of about 1 degree C may be the threshold for dangerous climate change, the European Union has called for dramatic cuts in emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
To examine the impact of such cuts on the world’s climate, Washington and his colleagues ran a series of global studies with the NCAR-based Community Climate System Model (CCSM). They assumed that carbon dioxide levels could be held to 450 ppm at the end of this century. In contrast, emissions are now on track to reach about 750 ppm by 2100 if unchecked. The team’s results showed that if carbon dioxide were held to 450 ppm, global temperatures would increase by 0•6 degrees Celsius above current readings by the end of the century. In contrast, the study showed that temperatures would rise by almost four times that amount, to 2•2 degrees Celsius above current readings, if emissions were allowed to continue on their present course. Holding carbon dioxide levels to 450 ppm would have other impacts, according to the climate modeling study.
Sea-level rise due to thermal expansion as water temperatures warmed would be 14 centimetres (about 5•5 inches) instead of 22 centimetres (8•7 inches). Also, Arctic ice in the summertime would shrink by about a quarter in volume and stabilize by 2100, as opposed to shrinking atleast three-quarters and continuing to melt, and Arctic warming would be reduced by almost half.
1. Why has the European Union called for dramatic cuts in carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions ?
(A) As global warming is not an issue of concern
(B) As the temperatures may rise almost by an additional one degree and this may lead to severe climate change
(C) As the NCAR has forced the European Union to announce the cuts
(D) As all the nations have decided to cut emissions of carbon dioxide
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
2. What would not be one of the impacts of cutting greenhouse gas emissions ?
(A) Temperatures will stop soaring
(B) Ice in the Arctic sea would melt at a slower pace
(C) The rise in sea level would be lesser
(D) All of the above would be the impact
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
3. What would be the impact of holding the carbon dioxide level at 450 ppm at the end of this century ?
1. Global temperatures would increase by 0•6 degrees Celcius.
2. Arctic warming would be reduced by half.
3. Thermal expansion will stop completely.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 1 and 2
(C) Only 2 and 3
(D) All the three 1, 2 and 3
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
4. What does the scientist Warren Washington mean when he says “we could stabilize the threat of climate change” ?
(A) Climate change can be stopped completely
(B) Climate change can be regularized
(C) Climate change and its effects can be studied extensively
(D) The ill-effects of the change in climate can be minimized
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
5. Why did Washington and his colleagues conduct a series of studies ?
(A) Because they realized that the temperature increase was almost about 1 degree
(B) So that they could stabilize the climate change
(C) So that they could help the European Union in cutting the carbon dioxide emissions
(D) Because they found out that the greenhouse gas emissions could be cut by 70%
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
6. What would be the impact of unchecked greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide emissions ?
(A) The temperature would rise from the current temperature by 2•2 degrees Celsius
(B) The sea-level would rise by about 5•5 inches
(C) The arctic ice would stabilize by 2100
(D) The arctic ice would reduce by one-fourth
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
7. What can be the most appropriate title of the above passage ?
(A) A study of the rise in water level
(B) A study of rise in temperatures
(C) A study of the effects of greenhouse gas emissions
(D) A study of the Arctic region
(E) A study of change in seasons
Ans : (C)
8. Which of the following statements is true in context of the passage ?
(A) At present the carbon dioxide emission is about 284 ppm
(B) The carbon dioxide emissions will be about 450 ppm at the end of this century if unchecked
(C) The carbon dioxide emission was about 380 ppm during the pre-industrial era
(D) The carbon dioxide emissions will be about 750 ppm at the end of this century if unchecked
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
Directions—(Q. 9–12) Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in MEANING to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
9. predominantly
(A) clearly
(B) aggressively
(C) mainly
(D) firstly
(E) faintly
Ans : (C)
10. massive
(A) tall
(B) tough
(C) total
(D) little
(E) severe
Ans : (A)
11. shrink
(A) contract
(B) physician
(C) wither
(D) shrivel
(E) reduce
Ans : (E)
12. dramatic
(A) unprecedented
(B) thrilling
(C) spectacular
(D) effective
(E) feeble
Ans : (D)
Directions—(Q. 13–15) Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in MEANING to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
13. opposed
(A) resistant
(B) against
(C) favouring
(D) similar
(E) agree
Ans : (D)
14. diminished
(A) created
(B) rose
(C) increased
(D) lessen
(E) finished
Ans : (C)
15. significant
(A) substantial
(B) miniscule
(C) incoherent
(D) unimportant
(E) irrelevant
Ans : (B)
Directions—(Q. 16–20) Which of the phrases (A), (B), (C) and (D) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct ? If the sentence is correct as it is given and No Correction is Required, mark (E) as the answer.
16. Naturally, with everything gone so well for them, it was time for celebration.
(A) go so well
(B) going so well
(C) gone as well
(D) going as well
(E) No Correction Required
Ans : (B)
17. The ban was imposed by the state’s commercial taxes department last Friday after protests by a certain community, which had threat to burn cinema halls screening the controversial movie.
(A) had threats of burning
(B) had threated to burn
(C) had threatened to burn
(D) had threatened to burning
(E) No Correction Required
Ans : (C)
18. Rakesh, an avid football player who captained his team in school and college, will inaugurate the match tomorrow in Pune.
(A) will be inaugurate
(B) is inauguration
(C) will inaugurating
(D) is inaugurate
(E) No Correction Required
Ans : (E)
19. At a musical night organised for them, the artistic side of the doctors came as forward, as they sang beautifully and made the evening truly memorable.
(A) come forward
(B) come to the fore
(C) came to the forth
(D) came to the fore
(E) No Correction Required
Ans : (C)
20. Although scared of heights, she gather all her courage and stood atop the 24-storey building to participate in the activities.
(A) gathered all her courage
(B) gathered all courageous
(C) gather all courageous
(D) is gathered all courage
(E) No Correction Required
Ans : (A)
Directions—(Q. 21–25) Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
21. Along with a sharp rise in ……, a recession would eventually result in more men, women and children living in ……
(A) crime, apathy
(B) fatalities, poor
(C) deaths, slums
(D) unemployment, poverty
(E) migrations streets
Ans : (D)
22. Behaving in a …… and serious way, even in a …… situation, makes people respect you.
(A) calm, difficult
(B) steady, angry
(C) flamboyant, tricky
(D) cool, astounding
(E) silly, sound
Ans : (A)
23. An airplane with …… passengers on board made an unscheduled …… as the airport to which it was heading was covered with thick fog.
(A) irritable, slip
(B) faulty, stop
(C) variety, halt
(D) tons, wait
(E) numerous, landing
Ans : (C)
24. The government has …… to provide financial aid to the ones …… by severe floods in the city.
(A) desired, troubled
(B) promised, havoc
(C) failed, affected
(D) wanted, struck
(E) decided, ill
Ans : (C)
25. Deemed universities …… huge fees, but have not been successful in providing …… education to our students.
(A) collect, maintaining
(B) pay, better
(C) ask, good
(D) charge, quality
(E) demand, quantitative
Ans : (D)
Directions—(Q. 26–30) Rearrange the following six sentences 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them.
1. In turn the buyer is called the franchisee.
2. These two parties are called the franchisor and franchisee.
3. This means that it gives permission for the buyer to use its name and sell its products.
4. He pays money to the franchisor, and agrees to obey the rules the franchisor makes.
5. A franchising agreement includes two parties.
6. The franchisor is the business house/entity which grants the franchisee license.
26. Which of the following should be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
Ans : (C)
27. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 1
(D) 4
(E) 2
Ans : (B)
28. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
Ans : (B)
29. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
Ans : (E)
30. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
Ans : (A)
Directions—(Q. 31–40) Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (E). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).
31. The angry at being (A) / left out of the bonanza (B) / is palpable among (C) / employees of the organization. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (A)
32. There are just too few trains (A) / for the ever-grow (B) / number of passengers (C) / in the city. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (B)
33. If all goes well, (A) / the examination scheduled for next month (B) / is all set to be completely free (C) / from annoying power cuts and disruptions. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (E)
34. His comments came after (A) / the research group said that its (B) / consumer confidence index were (C) / slumped to its lowest level. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (C)
35. The buzz at the party was (A) / that a famous (B) / filmstar and politician, would (C) / probable drop by for a while. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (D)
36. The President has denied (A) / that the economy is in recession (B) / or was go into one (C) / despite a spate of downcast reports. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (C)
37. Aggression in some teenage boys (A) / may be linkage to overly (B) / large glands in their brains, (C) / a new study has found. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (B)
38. The opposition disrupted proceedings (A) / in both Houses of Parliament (B) / for the second consecutive day (C) / above the plight of farmers in the country. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (D)
39. In response to the growing crisis (A) / the agency is urgently asking for (B) / more contributions, to make up for (C) / its sharp decline in purchasing power. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (E)
40. The tennis player easy through (A) / the opening set before her opponent, (B) / rallied to take the final two sets (C) / for the biggest victory of her young career. (D) No error (E)
Ans : (A)
Directions—(Q. 41–50) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
In economics, the term recession generally describes the reduction of a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for atleast two quarters. A recession is …(41)… by rising unemployment, increase in government borrowing, …(42)… of share and stock prices and falling investment. All of these characteristics have effects on people. Some recessions have been anticipated by stock market declines. The real-estate market also usually …(43)… before a recession. However real-estate declines can last much longer than recessions. During an economic decline, high …(44)… stocks such as financial services, pharmaceuticals and tobacco …(45)… to hold up better. However when the economy starts to recover growth, stocks tend to recover faster. There is significant disagreement about how health care and utilities tend to …(46)….
In 2008, an economic recession was suggested by several important indicators of economic downturn. These …(47)… high oil prices, which led to …(48)… high food prices due to a dependence of food production on petroleum, as well as using food crop products such as ethanol and biodiesel as an …(49)… to petroleum and global inflation; a substantial credit crisis leading to the drastic bankruptcy of large and well …(50)… investment banks as well as commercial banks in various, diverse nations around the world; increased unemployment and signs of contemporaneous economic downturns in major economies of the world, a global recession.
41. (A) visualized
(B) characterized
(C) imagined
(D) depict
(E) shown
Ans : (B)
42. (A) decrease
(B) abundance
(C) increase
(D) variance
(E) more
Ans : (A)
43. (A) strengthens
(B) volatile
(C) weakens
(D) initiates
(E) awakens
Ans : (C)
44. (A) result
(B) payment
(C) maintained
(D) yield
(E) heavy
Ans : (D)
45. (A) yearn
(B) made
(C) are
(D) want
(E) tend
Ans : (E)
46. (A) increased
(B) fight
(C) distribute
(D) recover
(E) wait
Ans : (D)
47. (A) included
(B) encompass
(C) meant
(D) show
(E) numbered
Ans : (A)
48. (A) healthy
(B) nutritious
(C) fearful
(D) dangerous
(E) abnormally
Ans : (E)
49. (A) element
(B) integral
(C) alternative
(D) variant
(E) substitute
Ans : (C)
50. (A) created
(B) established
(C) wealthy
(D) costly
(E) stand
Ans : (B)
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